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White Papers

Testing Super-Capacitors

Super-capacitors are energy storage devices similar to secondary batteries. Unlike batteries, which use chemical reactions to store energy, super-capacitors generally store energy through the physical separation of electrical charges.

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EIS of Difficult Samples

This document will provide useful information for how to get the best answer when performing EIS on your system. It will go through: what difficult samples are, the limits of the measurements, a refresher on instrumentation, what the EIS performance limits are, ways to make bad measurements, and then how to improve those.

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High-current Pulses for Battery Research

There are many different ways of testing batteries and battery materials to determine their characteristics. Recently, there has been an interest in rapid, higher current pulsing of batteries.

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Basics and Applications of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance

This white paper begins with an introduction to the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and includes a section on the Calibration of a QCM and an Investigation of a Thin Polymer Film.

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Getting Started with Electrochemical Corrosion Measurement

Review of the Electrochemical Basis of Corrosion. Most metallic corrosion occurs via electrochemical reactions at the interface between the metal and an electrolyte solution.

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Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - Part 1

A primer on EIS includes descriptions, formulas, and data presentations to get you started on building your knowledge of this useful research tool.

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Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - Part 2

In this review of Physical Electrochemistry & Equivalent Circuit Elements you will learn more about the core concepts of resistance, capacitance and diffusion.

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Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - Part 3

Common Equivalent Circuit Models. In this the 3rd installment, we show some common equivalent circuit models. These models can be used to interpret simple EIS data.

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Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - Part 4

EIS of Coated Metals. The impedance of coated metals has been extensively studied. The interpretation of impedance data from failed coatings can be very complicated so only the simple equivalent circuit will be discussed.

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