White Papers

This white paper begins with an introduction to the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and includes a section on the Calibration of a QCM and an Investigation of a Thin Polymer Film.

A primer on EIS includes descriptions, formulas, and data presentations to get you started on building your knowledge of this useful research tool.

In this review of Physical Electrochemistry & Equivalent Circuit Elements you will learn more about the core concepts of resistance, capacitance and diffusion.

Common Equivalent Circuit Models. In this the 3rd installment, we show some common equivalent circuit models. These models can be used to interpret simple EIS data.

EIS of Coated Metals. The impedance of coated metals has been extensively studied. The interpretation of impedance data from failed coatings can be very complicated so only the simple equivalent circuit will be discussed.

This white paper is designed to give you helpful information for systems that are a bit more challenging to measure. Typical examples would include: barrier coatings, very corrosion resistant materials, and very low impedance samples such as large supercapacitors (on the order of hundreds or thousands of Farads).

There are many different ways of testing batteries and battery materials to determine their characteristics. Recently, there has been an interest in rapid, higher current pulsing of batteries.

Review of the Electrochemical Basis of Corrosion. Most metallic corrosion occurs via electrochemical reactions at the interface between the metal and an electrolyte solution.

Super-capacitors are energy storage devices similar to secondary batteries. Unlike batteries, which use chemical reactions to store energy, super-capacitors generally store energy through the physical separation of electrical charges.